[Gasification] Biogas and Bio-oil as green Small Biorefinery feedstock for Decentralised BiomassPower

Pannirselvam P.V pannirbr at gmail.com
Sun Jul 13 19:55:05 CDT 2008

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> --- El vie 11-jul-08, Pannirselvam P.V <pannirbr at gmail.com> escribió:
> De: Pannirselvam P.V <pannirbr at gmail.com>
> Asunto: [Gasification] Biogas and Bio-oil as green Small Biorefinery
> feedstock for Decentralised BiomassPower
> Para: "MDK" <bearcreek at joimail.com>, "Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and
> gasification" <gasification at listserv.repp.org>
> Fecha: viernes, 11 de julio de 2008, 1:14 pm
>
> Hello James ,Martin , MDK

Thank you very muck to bring here the very relevent
information about the bio oil and also the practical application of this
one l, or the pyrolysis oil , which here in Brazil is called as flue
gas oil; in Brazilian Portuguese , oleo de fumaça. The raw biomass use as
such for gasification can be less sustainable compared to the charcoal
as the biomass residues are decentralised. The pre processed ,
fractionated biomass can make the bioenergy project to have more
technical and economical viability , but yet have many problems that need
to be understood .There are several pretreatment options such as
torrifaction , slow or rapid pyrolysis , biogasification via anerabic
fermentation as the we have to select one ;but little information
about the process equipments and costs are available .Our selection need to
be depend on the nature of the biomass , yet we have not more information
about the same .The saw dust may be the only one which can be used directly as
such without much pretreatment, may also need agglomeration or
bricqueting


In this respect ,we have contributed and published a chapter about the
Characteristics of several biomass Residues in a book about the Recycling
process from Residues and resources with focus on chemical compositions
recently.

We are iniciating Clean zero emission integrated biomass project design (
www.ecosyeng.wetpaint.com) studying anaerobic solid bio digestion as
pretreatments to recove the proteins and hemicellulose to make fertiliser
, biogas from municipal waste , then slow pyrolysis of solid residues
combined with steam gasification using absorption enhanced catalytic
hydrogen production using mineral carbonates, sodalime or lime for co2
reductin , followed by combined catalytic reforming of biogas, pyrogas with
syngas hydrogen into very high quality fuel to be run with flex car or dual
fuel for tractor.This can make viable local sustainable recycle and
resource for biomass waste and also provide solid lignin which has higer calorific
value than celulose and hemicelulose of the biomas, which can be source
of the tar , thus more technical problems for it use for energy. Thus
fractionation via biogasification or pyrlysis can make very less
problems of tar , reducing catalytic poisoning problems. As we are in the
process design stage we are very open about the detail of the more
information wish to use low cost open surece kit for gasification as we we
are sure that capacity buiding of the people is more important as wel as
technological invation. The combination of this two factor are more
important than only one


If anyone would like some of the info I have referred to let me know as the
project is only in preliminary conceptual interactive design stage via
wiki
www.ecosyseng.wetpaint.com

The biomass project refinery need to do fractionation of crude raw
biomass into the valuable products based on its chemical composition , not
for burning and gasifcation only of all the components of biomass, in all
the place of all the residues. Along with energy some flexible co
products such as biochar , Co2 sequestered ash , appropriate for
sustainable local use, rural developments and rural market are
desirable.
thus we need market oriented aportunity for biomass proejct.For example ,
One of the very big large scale Biomass project is the decentralised
Charcoal production as the fuel for steel manufacture in a sustainable way
from well manged fast growing Eucalyptus's tree. Several use of
fractionated bio oil for food additives as Bio Aroma, liquid
fertiliser.The use is also for Natural product for insect control for plants is
found to be very successful such as biochar , Tera Preta , mean black
soil,which is real natural products that made human survival posssible in the
poor soil of Amzonian area. this is why Brazil as well as USA need to burn
excess forest as these are real problem too.

The demand for this natural market is also very high in developing
countries such as Brazil, India and China .The slow pyrolysis or rapid
pyrolysis as the first fractionation step can also help to solve the
the tar problems for the decentralised power production.In the oil
crisis > during 80 , the brick made low cost 300 dolar gasifier was reported to be
very successful in several rural place of Brazil with very little
maintenace using simple cloth filters. Thus ceramic ling of any low cost
metal or ferrociment gasifier lined with ceramic insulating material can
be viable if all the biomass components have market value.

The transportation cost of biomass for this small centralised
gasification can be very less if the same are projected with feed
stock with the charcoal and bio oil use in the place of raw biomass with
higher > humidity. Also the direct use of bio oil upgrade using esteifiction and
alcohol can solve many rural house hold energy problems , as this can be
an> alternate fuel as well out lined by James in recent post

One such rural alternate biofuel ,we are developing is an cheap blend
with alcohol as outlined as thinning agent .The problem of this we
observed> here is the heterogeneous nature of this fuel , immiceble , making the
the uniform combustion not possible in the alcohol stove we have tested

Then we made new alcohol stove with larger surface area to adopt to the
the bio oil made from pyrolysis of cashew nut shell liquid .thus we
are able to make very fast combustion , reducing the problem , but not a
uniform combustion .This problem again we plan to solve using the method
of co- solvent use to improve the solubility by using the biodiesel ,
diesel , used vegetable or Kerosene in such a way to modify the polarity
and viscosity of the bio oil with better cheap co-solvents to be become
better bio fuel blend with alcohol , as this is now available in all part
of the Brazil with low cost unlike other countries . Alcohol stove is very
popular in Africa , here too along with the bio oil can place major place
to solve the rural energy problems yet little atention is paid as these
coutry are realy less developed technicaly not able to make inovation of
this biofuel.

In my recent vist to india , alcohol is made by poor low cost people,
making> victim ,but the people live with sevral hours (more than 3 hours) of power
cut, zero power in many places , the famer need to make sucide due high
interest loan Power cut is considered as fatal for any ruling givernement
of any counntry in the word but considered normal in India and Africa.
But > bioenergy and power consumption is directly realted to poverty and also
inter related to tha world food crysis Unless some member from this list
from India and africa show the techical ways of the power of elevated
calorific value of bio oil from lignin , which is an cheaper natural
solar > energy , the prolonged power cut probelm can turn into global food crysis
not only to africa and asia as well as to all, as we realy live ina
globalised world as these country too contribute to the developed
Countires.


If anyone would like some of the info I have referred to let me know and
also can join in our interactive biomass energy projects and co products,
our wiki based internet page via www.ecosyseng.wetpaint.com ,
contribute towards the economica and ecological objective towards the
clean zero emission of integrated biosystem developments for rural area
with urban wastes

I wish to thank the coordinator of this list as well as the experts , as
the sucess of this list is very notable with very good organization of the
technical details , free to newer too and also growing globly fast.This
list has made possible here all focaus on techical problems as very good
experts, technical person relted to gasification company, university
resaerch students listing the problems , the especialised experts with
verlong experience giving the solutions .Thus our list easily acessable
information become very realy rich , making the new people do can
particpate and move towards inovation as they do understand very quick
all the problesm , not few , as the systems are realy complex and more
dificult to solved by new young researcher alone.

With kind regard

Yours sincerely
> Pannir, Brazil
>
>
> On Thu, Jul 10, 2008 at 10:19 PM, MDK <bearcreek at joimail.com> wrote:
>
> >
> >
> >
> > There are many ways to upgrade it. Dynomotive has a couple of
> hydrogenating
> > processes. There are so that the resulting liq can be used by a oil
> > refinery. I think it uses 18 kg of H2.
> >
> > The simplest upgrade is adding 10-15% alcohol. The stabilizes & thins
> it.
> > Also, lowers the acidity a little. It is than usable as a replacement
> for
> > #2 fuel oil. The US uses - averaged over a year - 400,000 barrels of #2
> fuel
> > oil per day. Not a real small amount.
> >
> > One possible smaller scale upgrade is to esterify the the acid into an
> > acetate. Then the acidity can be greatly reduced.
> >
> > After being separated out, the phenols & cresoles can be upgraded into
> a
> > high octane rated gasoline. This is what Dr.Fischer, the F of the FT
> > process, wrote the details of in the early 1920s. It was translated into
> > English. The upgrade of tar into motor fuel is what he & his team were
> > working on before the found a workable H2 & CO to liq fuel method.
> That book
> > also tells how to separate H2 from CO & CO2.
> >
> > If one is thinking of using pyrolysis tar in a diesel, keep in mind that
> > the cetane rating is a -10. As in less than 0.
> >
> > I've read no full reports on it, but it sounds that the most promising
> way
> > to run it in our current engines is by mixing the tar with 30-50% and
> have
> a
> > diesel pilot flame.
> >
> > The only claimed 100% success I've heard of was done using a wankel
> engine
> > that was designed to run on JP-4. I don't know what all engine mod
> were
> > done, except it used catalytic auto ignition. The normal engine
> > configuration had 2 fuel injectors. One for a rich ignition & a lean
> one for
> > most of the fuel.
> >
> > Has for the use of microwaves for upgrading it, is being done. Variable
> > freq - with or without catalysts. One that could be explored more, is
> using
> > 2.4 & while passing the bio-oil thru activated carbon. With or without
> H2.
> >
> > For myself, I use much more energy for heat than for transportation. My
> > biomass is a 100 miles away. Pyrolysis tar or pellets are the only 2 ways
> I
> > see that I can use this biomass for energy.
> >
> > If anyone would like some of the info I have referred to let me know here
> > ana slo via interactive integrated small biosystem system for clean zero
> > emissao wiki
> >
> > Martin
> >
> > >Best solution for most of the downsides of bio-oil is to hydrogenate
> > >it. This can be achieved at moderate pressures and temperatures with
> > >cheap (ie. metal powder) catalysts and is a common process in the
> > >food industry. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenation
> > >
> > >The downside is sourcing the hydrogen. At least it doesn't have to
> be
> > >fuel cell grade hydrogen. I would source it from pressurised steam
> > >gasification of the residual pyrolysis char, followed by wet CO2
> > >scrubbing to give something that is more than 50 vol% hydrogen.
> > >
> > > From an energy management perspective hydrogenation is best done on
> > >the hot pyrolysis gas, immediately after the pyrolysis process
> > >(before it is condensed).
> > >
> > >The resulting oil will have much more favorable properties
> > >(especially with regards to acidity and stability in storage), but
> > >unless you go to a great deal more effort will still not be a direct
> > >replacement for diesel or gasoline.
> > >
> > >regards,
> > >
> > >James
> >
> >
Hi Ben

On Fri, Jul 11, 2008 at 2:46 PM, Benjamin Domingo Bof <
benjaminbof at yahoo.com.ar> wrote:

> Hi Pannir ;Ben from São Paulo state.
> We are walking the same road.
> """"One such rural alternate biofuel ,we are developing is an cheap
> blend
> with alcohol as outlined as thinning agent .""""
> July 2nd visit me Huso Sozen from Izmir, Turkey.


Very excellent proposal as the trupentine is natural oil

>
> We give him some sample of turpentine oil for make some blends.
> In Sweden will make diesel oil from pine oil because is not
> necessary to cut trees to obtain it.


Sweden is also leading form many green biofuel programme

>
> Turpentine oil mix with dry ethanol producing "camphene" ;
> lantern fuel from the beginning of times.
> Secret to obtain dry ethanol is using lime cheaper element.
> Turpentine oil is also useful to mix with wood tar from
> pyroligneous liquid. It is able to use in diesel oil blends.


Surely an samll quantity can wok as co solvent or surfactanat making
the biofuel blend is made possible.

Surley South america will be the place these products need to be
produced

>
> We get an centrifugal device to separate tar from water.


Excelent equipments as we need to fractionate this complex

>
> Solluble liquid we expect to treat with lime to make
> calcium acetate which heated gives acetone.


Acetone is laready well proved additives for gasoline engine

>
> Why we propose "Pyrolisis"?, because is feasible to
> obtain millions of tons. This way producing charcoal
> from wood chips steel factorys have its raw material
> to produce metals.


Your relevant secret information , making here open show Ben has not
only have very good practical knowledge , but open minded person just like
most of the SOUTH AMERICAN , AS WELL AS LATIN AMERICAN TOO.

ETHANOL DEHYRATION IS VERY IMPORTANT TECHNICAL PROBLEMS ,

I am sure your secret method for biofuel the same is more important not
only for biodiesel , and also for fuel too as these are abundent.

Ben can you give me some idea about what the pocentage of bio iol now
possible to mix with diesel.

what is the method ,or best process that can ,to make more bio oil to be
used for this blend

With kind regards

Truely
Pannirselvam



>
> Cheers, Ben
>
>
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>
>
>
> --
> Pagandai V Pannirselvam
> http://pannirbr.googlepages.com
> Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN
> Departamento de Engenharia Química - DEQ
> Centro de Tecnologia - CT
> Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Química - PPGEQ
> Grupo de Pesquisa em Engenharia de Custos - GPEC
>
> Av. Senador Salgado Filho, Campus Universitário
> CEP 59.072-970 , Natal/RN - Brasil