Abstract | Description | ClaimsAbstract Improved microemulsion fuels are prepared from about 70-99% alcohol-fatty acid esters, about 1-30% alcohol and less than 1% alkali metal soap. Patent number: 5380343 Filing date: Feb 1, 1993 Issue date: Jan 10, 1995 Inventor: Herbert F. Hunter Primary Examiner: James M. Silbermann

RichardD.Offeman1, SerenaK.Stephenson1, GeorgeH.Robertson1 and WilliamJ.Orts1

(1)	Western Regional Research Center, USDA, 800 Buchanan St., 94710Albany, California

Received: 16August2005Accepted: 11November2005

AbstractDistribution coefficients and separation factors were determined for the partitioning of ethanol and water from aqueous mixtures into several vegetable oils and their fatty alcohol and fatty ester derivatives. Castor oil, ricinoleyl alcohol, and methyl ricinoleate all show higher ethanol distribution coefficients, and similar or reduced separation factors, relative to other oils and derivatives studied here or reported by others. Of particular interest, ricinoleyl alcohol has an ethanol distribution coefficient 50% higher than that of oleyl alcohol, a commonly studied solvent for ethanol extraction from fermentation broths.

Key WordsEthanol-fatty alcohols-fatty esters-solvent extraction-vegetable oils

RichardD.Offeman Email: roffeman@pw.usda.gov

The economics of ethanol production by extractive fermentation Daugulis, Andrew J.; Axford, Darryl B.; McLellan, P. James Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering (1991), 69(2), 488-97 CODEN: CJCEA7; ISSN: 0008-4034. English. Extractive fermentation is a processing strategy in which reaction and recovery occur simultaneously in a fermentation vessel through the use of a water-immiscible solvent which selectively removes an inhibitory product. The authors have developed an ethanol extractive fermentation process incorporating continuous operation, the ability to ferment concentrated feedstocks, and greatly reduced energy and water use. This article provides a detailed economic assessment of this process relative to current technol. for an annual capacity of 100 million liters of ethanol. Extractive fermentation provides significant economic advantages for both grass roots and retrofitted plants. Producing anhydrous ethanol without distillation is a prospect.

24 page Preview

The oxygenation capability of ethanol-diesel fuel blends referred to as e-diesel significantly reduces particulate matter and reduces toxic gases like CO and NO<sub>x</sub> during combustion. However, a major drawback with e-diesel is that ethanol is immiscible in diesel over a wide range of temperatures. In this study, the use of soybean based biodiesel (soybean methyl esters) as an amphiphile to form a stable ethanol-biodiesel-diesel microemulsion was investigated. Ternary phase diagrams were developed to represent the phase behavior of the ethanol-biodiesel-diesel pseudo three-component system. Effects of different components and physical properties of selected blends also were studied. The instantaneous phase behavior indicated that stable microemulsions are formed over a wide area in the phase triangle, revealing that biodiesel could be successfully used as an amphiphile in an ethanol-biodiesel-diesel (EB-diesel) fuel blend. In order to formulate a stable microemulsion, the ratio of biodiesel to ethanol in the system should be greater than one. Studies revealed that the blend concentration that had the highest stability to low temperatures and moisture was ethanol: biodiesel: diesel = 3.75%:25%:71.25% and 4.00%:20%:76.00% with low sulfur (0.05%) diesel reference fuel and ultra low sulfur (1.2 ppm) diesel fuel as the diesel component in the blends respectively. Analyses of fuel properties of the selected blends suggested that for both diesel fuel types, the blend energy contents were not significantly different when compared to their pure diesel forms. When #2 low sulfur diesel was used in the ethanol-biodiesel-diesel blend, the lubricity of this EB-diesel was 2.3 times better with a sulfur content reduction of 34% when compared to #2 low sulfur reference diesel fuel. When #2 ultra low sulfur diesel fuel was used in the blend, the lubricity was over four times better than reference ultra low sulfur diesel fuel. However, the blend sulfur content increased from 1.2 ppm to 18 ppm. The cetane numbers and flash points of the EB-diesel blends with both diesel types were reduced slightly in comparison to their pure forms.

from UITP magazine "Public Transport International" http://www.uitp-pti.com/img/cover4_2006/28-30-en.pdf Can people provide some info about pongamia? It SEEMS that it is not competing against food crops, and it is also used more or less straight for fuel...

A separação da lecitina é realizada, adicionando-se água ao óleo, na proporção de ... O óleo de soja produzido possui um odor forte e desagradável devido à ...
www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-40421999000500021 - 31k -