polymer gel as in claim 2 wherein said solvent is a fuel. ... alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol and mixtures thereof. ...
www.patentstorm.us/patents/5641890-claims.html - 19k -

A new regeneration process which employs an environmentally friendly solvent system consisting of aqueous NaOH and urea offers great potential. The dissolution is carried out at -10 °C and is notably rapid. The optimum solvent composition was 7 wt% NaOH/12% urea and the optimum cellulose concentration for processing was 4 wt%. This solution is subsequently treated with aqueous sulfuric acid/sodium sulfate to regenerate the cellulose solid in various forms. Membranes have been prepared in this way which possessed mean pore sizes of 110 – 1200 nm and water permeabilities of 12 - 43 mL h-1 m-2 mmHg-1 (“Influence of coagulation temperature on pore size and properties of cellulose membranes prepared from NaOH-urea aqueous solutions,” J. Cai, L. Wang, and L. Zhang, Cellulose 2007, 14, 205-215 [abstract]). Similarly, fibers were produced which exhibited properties very similar to those produced by the commercial Lyocell process (“Structure study of cellulose fibers wet-spun from environmentally friendly NaOH/urea aqueous solutions,” X. Chen, C. Burger, F. Wan, J. Zhang, L. Rong, B. S. Hsiao, B. Chu, J. Cai, and L. Zhang, Biomacromolecules 2007, 8, 1918-1926 [abstract]). Overall, this process requires no volatile or toxic solvents, and produces relatively inoccuous waste, uses only inexpensive raw materials, proceeds with simple and fast operations, and affords cellulose materials with excellent properties in many useful forms.

The innovative process improvement described above is an example of application of the green chemistry principles laid out by the Green Chemistry Institute of the American Chemical Society. The twelve principles, listed below, are meant to guide the development of safe, environmentally friendly, and truly sustainable chemical products.

8/21/2007 Introduction of Dometic innovations on Caravan Salon 2007 ... A new model of the CleanCook ethanol stove, with one burner instead of two, ...

The product thus produced contains only vegetable material and comprises a semi-solid alcohol based fuel having an approximate formulation of 85.1% ethanol, 2.2% water and 11.7% sodium salt of fatty acids. The pH of the product in deionized water is 11.5 which is lower than that requiring a hazardous warning label.

he present invention provides a gel fuel, which includes a fuel ... 12, 4908044, Semi solid ethanol based fuel

A solid or semi-solid fuel produced entirely ...

ix 11 grams of Calcium Acetate with 30 mg of water. Make sure all the Calcium Acetate is dissolved, this might take an hour of occasional stirring. Measure 10 mg of the solution. Slowly add 40 mg of ethanol. As you add the ethanol, the mixture should gel instantly. Pour off any remaining ethanol (a very small amount). Because the mixture gels instantly, you do not have to combine the two until you need to use it for cooking." I made some Calcium Acetate by neutralizing acetic acid with lime. Works well, gels immediately, burns very nicely, but it's not very stable, best to make it when you need it. This way, since it's bioduels in the Third World rural development setting that we're most interested in, everything required is probably available locally, or could be. Ethanol can be brewed on-site (and probably is already), even if it's not absolute; acetic acid can be brewed the same way, by aerating the mash, and agricultural lime is fairly ubiquitous. Here's another one, with proprietory ingredients:

If I remember correctly, you can create a sort of 'gel' by mixing the ethanol with a saturated solution of calcium acetate. Use about 1mL of the Ca(CH3COO)2 solution to 7mL of the ethanol

0030] About 500 ml of methyl alcohol is mixed with a suspension solution of methyl cellulose which is 30 g, by weight (range: 5g to 50 g, preferably 25 to 35 g) and reacted with sodium hydroxide, which is 0.01 g by weight (range 0.01 to 0.2 g, preferably 0.01 to 0.5 g) and 10 ml of distilled water (range 10 ml to 20 ml, preferably 10 ml). The temperature of the reaction which produces this first alcohol composition is about 20 °C (range: 10°C to 70 °C, preferably 20°) at a pressure of about 1 atmosphere.

Myself I have found that my engine run smoother with castor over pure syn
so I run Omega 4stroke it has 15%nitro with 17% oil a 50/50 mix of castor/syn, 2stroke Omega has 30/70 c

This hydroxyl group causes castor oil to be highly polar, simplifying the mixing of the oil with methanol for the biodiesel reaction. Castor oil is more ...

MIXING YOUR OWN FUELS

A new ethanol stove designed and manufactured in Malawi could contribute to reducing deforestation in Malawi.

uthors / contributers wanted! Do you have knowledge or experience in this topic? If you do, please consider writing something for this page...

How-to guides in the forum

Characterization of Fatty Matter in Cold Process Soap by 13C NMR Spectroscopy.
John Roberts, Andrew McLeod, Robert O’Cain and Kevin Dunn,
Department of Chemistry, Hampden-Sydney, VA 23943 The purpose of this project is to analyze the composition of fatty matter in cold process soap by extracting excess oil from soap and performing 13CNMR. The three oils which were used in the soap making process were olive oil for which oleic acid is the main fatty acid, castor oil for which ricenoleic acid is the main fatty acid, and grapeseed oil for which linoleic acid is the main fatty acid. Each soap contained 90% palm oil and 10% of the respective oil. It was found that composition of fatty matter in cold process soap does not differ depending on whether or not the minor oil was early or late in the saponification process. In all three cases, the percent of unsaturated fatty acid is higher in the original oil from which each soap was made.

Ethanol blended diesel fuel is a mixture of ethanol and diesel fuel. The ratio of these two fuel components varies with the manufacturer. In addition, a co-solvent is added to allow for the diesel to mix with the ethanol. The fuel E-Diesel that is currently being used in a pilot project of Husky Energy Ltd., Octel-Starreon/AAE, and Winnipeg Transit combines 91.5 per cent diesel fuel, 7.5 per cent ethanol, and 1 per cent

Ethanol solubility in diesel is affected mainly by two factors, .... Hardenberg and Schaefer (1981) included 1% castor oil in a 95% ethanol fuel that was ...

Fuel additive composition for stabilising blends of ethanol and a hydrocarbon

The present invention teaches the bonding of the natural azeotropic percentage of water in the ethanol, a fuel itself and a viscosity modifier with the elimination of the problems enumerated in the prior art. The preferred embodiment comprises, by weight, about 75% castor oil, and the balance of azeotropic ethanol containing about 96% alcohol and 4% water. This preferred embodiment of the invented fuel has been engine tested and it has been found that greater percentages of ethanol reduce the engine performance from the optimum, and that lesser percentages likewise reduce the performance the fuel system and of the engine. Hence, although greater or lesser amounts than 75-25 ratio of oil to alcohol will operate, the optimum is at or near those percentages. At the preferred percentage ratios, the fuel is found to have a low vapor pressure that materially reduces atmospheric contamination by evaporation, and to have a lower exhaust temperature in the engine system as compared to hydrocarbon fuels. The present disclosure includes that contained in the appended claims as well as that of the foregoing description. Although this invention has been described in its preferred form with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure of the preferred form has been made only by way of example and that numerous changes in the details of construction and the combination and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and its potential benefit to civilization.

This separation of ethanol-water from the hydrocarbon body is is undesirable as it ..... Methyl Ester 3.2 3.4 3.6 4.2 4.4 of Castor Oil Fatty Acids 13. ...
www.freshpatents.com/Fuel-additive-composition-for-stabilising-blends-of-ethanol-and-a-hydr

Disclosed is a fuel for a diesel engine which comprises a mixture of (A) an alcohol, (B) gas oil and (C) castor oil, wherein the contents of the respective components satisfy requirements represented by the following formulae: 0% by volume < A≤80% by volume, 10% by volume ≤B< 50% by volume, and 10% by volume ≤C< 50% by volume.

fogao a alcool

carvao

evante da Juventude e da Consulta Popular do RS, em formação e em interação com Feira; Cerca de 20 organizações das trocas solidárias do RS e outros estados. Carta de Santa Maria 2007 Os 25 anos de políticas neoliberais do capitalismo no continente latino americano, relegaram a nossa região à condição de violência, pobreza, desigualdade, exploração e a uma cultura que privilegia o individualismo. Ao mesmo tempo, hoje alguns países da América Latina vivenciam um momento privilegiado no campo da Economia Solidária e do Comércio Justo: trata-se de uma “Primavera de mil flores”, a desabrochar, e que não somente deve florescer, mas também permanecer viva, e ser um espaço de oportunidades para conquista dos vários direitos que atendam as necessidades básicas de nossos povos. Todas e todos buscamos alternativas superadoras ao modelo capitalista em suas diferentes formas e concepções. O III Seminário Latino-Americano de Economia Solidária, realizado durante a III Feira de Economia Solidária do Mercosul, em Santa Maria, foi organizado de forma autogestionária por representantes latino-americanos de 16 redes nacionais, regionais e mundiais de comércio justo e economia solidária, além de gestores públicos do Brasil e de outros países. Durante estes três dias, resgatamos a história e um panorama das redes e organizações da sociedade civil e movimentos sociais, reafirmando compromissos em diferentes momentos, sem perder as identidades e a grande riqueza de especificidades, reconhecendo a i

durante a construção, foi observado que é necessário tomar cuidados
especiais com o cimento para que ele resista ao calor e não rache. Uma -
vel para as áreas quentes do fogão (normalmente 7:1 para construções
civis em geral). a água para fazer a massa deve ser misturada com açú-
car, também numa proporção 4:1 e a massa deve ser relativamente seca.
É comum colocar água demais, mas isso faz diminuir a resistência física
da construção.